Tarekat-Based Female Leadership in Enhancing Teaching Staff Loyalty at Islamic Boarding Schools

Sunardi Sunardi; Ubaidillah Ubaidillah; Muhammad Fadhlan Refa

doi:10.31538/ndhq.v11i1.317

Authors

Sunardi Sunardi STIT Al-Urwatul Wutsqo
Ubaidillah Ubaidillah Institut Agama Islam Daruttaqwa Gresik
Muhammad Fadhlan Refa Darul Imam Asy-syafi'i Littafaqquh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31538/ndhq.v11i1.317

Keywords:

Female Leadership, Tarekat-Based, Teaching Staff Loyalty

Abstract

Mainstream literature on Islamic Boarding School Leadership frequently marginalizes female roles and relies heavily on secular transactional theories to explain employee retention. This study aims to address these gaps by analyzing the Tarekat Shadhiliyya-based model of women's Leadership in enhancing teaching staff loyalty. Employing a qualitative case study approach at Al-Urwatul Wutsqo Islamic Boarding School in Jombang, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observations, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The findings reveal that the female Leadership model represents a unique hybrid synthesis of managerial-professional, maternal-nurturing, and spiritual-Mursyid roles. Through the internalization of Shadhiliyya values, specifically Tawazun (Work-Worship Fusion) and Mahabbah (politics of compassion), the Leadership effectively transforms work motivation from a transactional to a transcendental orientation. Theoretically, this study deconstructs the dominant Social Exchange Theory (SET) by proposing the concept of Covenantal Loyalty. Unlike secular loyalty based on material incentives, Covenantal Loyalty is understood as Khidmah (devotion) and Tabarrukan (seeking blessings), and is thus more resilient and sustainable. This research offers a novel perspective on how spiritual values can serve as an epistemological foundation for modern organizational governance.

References

Achidsti, S. A. (2014). Eksistensi Kiai dalam Masyarakat. IBDA` : Jurnal Kajian Islam Dan Budaya, 12(2), 149–171. https://doi.org/10.24090/ibda.v12i2.443

Akbar, R. F. (2019). Pengaruh Faktor Personal terhadap Komitmen Organisasional Guru Madrasah. Quality, 7(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.21043/quality.v7i2.6153

Aldyandra, A., Irvan, I. A., Sari, M. P., & Brutu, D. (2025). Kepemimpinan Organisasi Yayasan Kependidikan Islam | JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan. 8(2), 1484–1491. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v8i2.6865

Arfani, M. (2024). Implikasi Pembelajaran Non Formal terhadap Peningkatan Pemahaman Pendidikan Agama Islam di Lembaga Pendidikan. Islamic Education Review, 1(1), 38–59.

Azzahra, A. Z., & Thofhani, L. N. A. (2025). Transformasi Kharisma Kiai Dalam Masyarakat Berbasis Informasi: Studi di Desa Adimulya, Kabupaten Cilacap. Mukaddimah: Jurnal Studi Islam, 10(1), 58–80.

Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 17(1), 112–121.

Benawa, A. (2014). Dimensi Spiritual dalam Kepemimpinan. Humaniora, 5(2), 872–880. https://doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v5i2.3180

Benedict, J. L. (2017). The Meaning of Covenant. In J. L. Benedict (Ed.), A Revised Consent Model for the Transplantation of Face and Upper Limbs: Covenant Consent (pp. 115–148). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56400-5_4

Buhori, B. M., & Akbar, M. M. (2024). MANAJEMEN STRATEJIK INTEGRASI TAREKAT QODIRIYAH WA NAQSYABANDIYAH TERHADAP MADRASAH BINAAN: (Studi Kasus di MA Serba Bakti Suryalaya). Pesan-TREND : Jurnal Pesantren Dan Madrasah, 3(1), Article 1.

Chairi, E. (2019). Ketiadaan Otoritas Terpusat dalam Fenomena Kontemporer di Indonesia: :Kritik Terhadap Teori Otoritas Max Weber. SANGKéP: Jurnal Kajian Sosial Keagamaan, 2(2), 197–215. https://doi.org/10.20414/sangkep.v2i2.666

Clarke, J. (Jody) H. (2009). The Therapeutic Covenant: A Psychotheological Pathway to Dynamic Engagement. Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling, 63(3–4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/154230500906300311

Erlin, N. A., & Herri, H. (2018). Analisis Pengaruh Spiritual Leadership terhadap Komitmen Organisasional Karyawan. AMAR (Andalas Management Review), 2(2), 28–41. https://doi.org/10.25077/amar.2.2.28-41.2018

Firdaus, F. (2017). Tarekat Qadariyah Wa Naqsabandiyah: Implikasinya Terhadap Kesalehan Sosial. Al-Adyan: Jurnal Studi Lintas Agama, 12(2), 159–208. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajsla.v12i2.2109

FrenchII, R. P. (2016). Deconstructing The End of Leadership: Postmodernity, Epistemology, and Worldviews. Sage Open, 6(1), 2158244016628588. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244016628588

Goti, M. (2024). A Comprehensive Analysis Blending Traditional, Transformational, and Christian Leadership Principles (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. 5044765). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5044765

Hamidah, A. (2025). Kepemimpinan Kyai Di Tengah Badai Modernitas: Antara Otoritas Kharismatik Dan Tata Kelola Profesional. Al-Amin: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Sosial Humaniora, 3(1), 121–136. https://doi.org/10.53398/alamin.v3i1.438

Harahap, R., Irsyad, T. E. E., Zahidah, A. S. A., & Dkk. (2025). Vision for a Better Future. Greenbook Publisher.

Hidayat, A., Amelia, A., Budiwidodo, S., Suherli, E., & Chandrasari, F. (2025). Makna Employee Engagement bagi Generasi Milenial: Pendekatan Fenomenologi. Cakrawala Repositori IMWI, 8(2), 1538–1546. https://doi.org/10.52851/cakrawala.v8i2.791

Ihwan, M. B. (2025). Kepemimpinan Visioner: Membangun Perilaku Organisasi Pendidikan yang Dinamis. Insight Mediatama.

Listiowaty, E. (2020). Konsep Manajemen Pendidikan Berbasis Islam dalam Upaya Pencapaian Tujuan Pendidikan. Jurnal Tahdzibi : Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 5(2), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.24853/tahdzibi.5.2.105-116

Ma`arif, M. A., Arif, M., Rokhman, M., Hali, A. U., Kartiko, A., & Sirojuddin, A. (2026). Model of Kiai Leadership Based on Local Wisdom: Preventing Radicalism and Building Education in the Global South. Kharisma: Jurnal Administrasi Dan Manajemen Pendidikan, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.59373/kharisma.v5i1.149

Maliki Abitolkha, A., & Muhamad, B. M., S. Pd I. (2020). Melacak Tarekat-Tarekat Muktabar di Nusantara. Goresan Pena.

Melin, L. (1992). Internationalization as a strategy process. Strategic Management Journal, 13(S2), 99–118. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250130908

Meta Tri Sulaksana, R. (2026). Strategic Performance Management. PT. Nas Media Indonesia.

Mikkelsen, B. (2011). Metode Penelitian Partisipatoris dan Upaya Pemberdayaan: Panduan Bagi Praktisi Lapangan. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.

Mulyana, U. A. I. ; W. H. ; O. P. (2024). LOYALITAS DI DUNIA KERJA. CV. Ruang Tentor.

Muniroh, L. M., Sutiyah, S., & Kurniawan, D. A. (2024). Peranan Nyai dalam Akulturasi Budaya Jawa-Belanda Tahun 1870-1942. Candi: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Penelitian Sejarah, 23(2), 50–75.

Narwadan, T. N. A., Lubis, A. F., & Hakim, H. A. (2025). Teori Hukum Positif: Teori Komprehensif dan Perkembangannya. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.

Novitasari, D., Asbari, M., Putra, F., Kumoro, D. F. C., & Fikri, M. A. A. (2021). Tacit Knowledge Sharing di Sekolah Islam: Analisis Kepemimpinan dan Iklim Keamanan Psikologis. Cetta: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(2), 138–162.

Nurdiani, N. (2014). Teknik Sampling Snowball dalam Penelitian Lapangan. ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications, 5(2), 1110–1118. https://doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v5i2.2427

Putri, Q. I., Saluy, A. B., & Perkasa, D. H. (2025). Kajian Literatur: Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi dan Stres Kerja terhadap Turnover Intention dengan Kepuasan Kerja sebagai Variabel Mediasi. AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Ekonomi & Bisnis, 5(3), 1293–1302. https://doi.org/10.37481/jmeb.v5i3.1499

Rugman, A. M., & Verbeke, A. (2003). Extending the theory of the multinational enterprise: Internalization and strategic management perspectives. Journal of International Business Studies, 34(2), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400012

Santoso, W., Sudarsih, S., & Taquiddin, M. H. (2025). Burnout: Memahami, Mengatasi, dan Mengelola Stres Kerja. Penerbit NEM.

Setiawan, A. A., Johan. (2018). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. CV Jejak (Jejak Publisher).

Setiyono, D. B. (2023). Birokrasi dalam Perspektif Politik dan Administrasi. Nuansa Cendekia.

Spears, L. (1996). Reflections on Robert K. Greenleaf and servant‐leadership. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 17(7), 33–35. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437739610148367

Suryani, E., Wahyulina, S., & Hidayati, S. A. (2023). Analisis dan Identifikasi Hygiene Factors dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kepuasan Kerja pada Mitra Kerja PT. PLN UIP Nusa Tenggara | JURNAL SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN HUMANIORA. https://jseh.unram.ac.id/index.php/jseh/article/view/277

Udayana Putra, I. B. (2020). Moderasi Kepemimpinan Spiritual. Scopindo Media Pustaka.

Verbeke, A., & Kano, L. (2016). An internalization theory perspective on the global and regional strategies of multinational enterprises. Journal of World Business, The World of Global Business 1965-2015, 51(1), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2015.08.014

Wu, M., Wang, R., Wang, H., & Estay, C. (2022). The formation mechanism of destructive leadership behavior: From the perspective of moral deconstruction process. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 43(5), 750–772. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2020-0433